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The Golden Ticket: P, NP, and the Search for the Impossible

Product ID : 16074489


Galleon Product ID 16074489
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About The Golden Ticket: P, NP, And The Search For The

Product Description The computer science problem whose solution could transform life as we know itThe P-NP problem is the most important open problem in computer science, if not all of mathematics. Simply stated, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly checked by computer can also be quickly solved by computer. The Golden Ticket provides a nontechnical introduction to P-NP, its rich history, and its algorithmic implications for everything we do with computers and beyond. Lance Fortnow traces the history and development of P-NP, giving examples from a variety of disciplines, including economics, physics, and biology. He explores problems that capture the full difficulty of the P-NP dilemma, from discovering the shortest route through all the rides at Disney World to finding large groups of friends on Facebook. The Golden Ticket explores what we truly can and cannot achieve computationally, describing the benefits and unexpected challenges of this compelling problem. From Booklist *Starred Review* In 1956, mathematician Kurt Gödel wrote to computer scientist John von Neumann speculating about how “the mental work of a mathematician . . . could be completely replaced by a machine.” In Gödel’s speculation, Fortnow finds the kernel of what may be the most important mathematical problem of all time. That as-yet-unsolved problem—identified by mathematicians as the P-NP problem—raises fundamental questions about just how far society can ride the technological wave triggered by the computer revolution. Fortnow unfolds a fascinating dual-track story of how this problem first emerged, Western researchers encountering it while trying to maximize computer efficiency, Russian analysts confronting it while puzzling over the persistent need for perebor (“brute force search”). Readers watch as the P-NP problem attracts investigators in cryptography, biology, quantum physics, and social networking—and frustrates them all. Fortnow allows nonspecialist readers to glimpse the conceptual difficulties here (try “nondeterministic polynomial time,” for example). But he mercifully frames his discussion largely in nontechnical terms. Even readers averse to mathematics will share in the intellectual stimulation of pondering a riddle compelling us to ask what we should hope for—and fear—in replacing human brains with computer algorithms. A provocative reminder of the real-world consequences of a theoretical enigma. --Bryce Christensen Review "One of Amazon.com’s 2013 Best Science Books" "One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2013" "Honorable Mention for the 2013 PROSE Award in Popular Science & Mathematics, Association of American Publishers" "As Fortnow describes. . . P versus NP is ‘one of the great open problems in all of mathematics' not only because it is extremely difficult to solve but because it has such obvious practical applications. It is the dream of total ease, of the confidence that there is an efficient way to calculate nearly everything, ‘from cures to deadly diseases to the nature of the universe,' even ‘an algorithmic process to recognize greatness.'. . . To postulate that P ≠ NP, as Fortnow does, is to allow for a world of mystery, difficulty, and frustration--but also of discovery and inquiry, of pleasures pleasingly delayed." ---Alexander Nazaryan, New Yorker "Fortnow effectively initiates readers into the seductive mystery and importance of P and NP problems." ― Publishers Weekly "Fortnow's book is just the ticket for bringing one of the major theoretical problems of our time to the level of the average citizen--and yes, that includes elected officials." ---Veit Elser, Science "Without bringing formulas or computer code into the narrative, Fortnow sketches the history of this class of questions, convincingly demonstrates their surprising equivalence, and reveals some of the most far-reaching implications that a proof of P = NP would bring about. These might include tremendous advances in