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LISP Control-Plane in Campus Fabric: A Practical Guide to Understand the Operation of Campus Fabric
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About LISP Control-Plane In Campus Fabric: A Practical
Traditional Campus Networks are using some version of the Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) as an L2 Control-Plane protocol. STP builds a loop-free switching path into a switching environment. However, unlike L3 Control Plane protocols, such as OSPF and BGP, the STP does not give any information about the location of hosts. The host location learning process is done by using a “flood and learn” mechanism, where switches learn the location of hosts from the source mac-address field in ingress Ethernet frames. Redundant paths are done by bundling two-to-eight physical Inter-Switch links into a logical Port-Channel. Gateway redundancy either relies on some First-Hop Redundancy Protocol (VRRP, HSRP or GLBP) or virtual switching system like Cisco VSS - Virtual Switch-System. Several years ago, Datacenter networks were built in the same way as traditional Campus Networks. Nowadays the modern DC networks are based on an Underlay and Overlay network architecture. The Underlay network is used as a transport network between network devices while the Overlay network is used tenant-based L3/L2 virtualization. The Control-Plane protocol for Underlay Network is usually OSPF, IS-to-IS or BGP while the Overlay network Control Plane protocol is usually BGP L2VPN EVPN, which advertises mac-address among the other NLRIs. In Data-Plane, Ethernet Frames are encapsulated inside VXLAN headers (Outer-mac, outer-IP, UDP and VXLAN headers) when sent to a host located behind a remote VTEP switch. Redundant paths rely on Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) while Gateway redundancy is implemented in distributed Anycast-Gateway. A common term used for this solution is BGP BGP EVPN VXLAN Fabric.In 2018, Cisco launched a new Cisco Digital Network Architecture (CDNA) model where a Campus Network solution relies on the same kind of underlay/Overlay network architecture than what has already been using in modern Datacenter networks. While the common Overlay Network Control-Plane protocol choice for DC networks is BGP L2VPN EVPN, the CDNA solution uses the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP). Data-Plane encapsulation though uses the VXLAN encapsulation (with a VXLAN GPE extension). This network solution is commonly called Campus Fabric/SD-Access. The Campus Fabric network can be provisioned by using DNA Center (DNAC). DNAC generates both the Control-Plane and Data-Plane configurations as well as IP addressing using the administrator-defined network addressing scheme. This means that in order to do the job, you do not necessarily have to fully understand how the solution actually works.
